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GlossarySState Machine

State Machine

A computational model where the blockchain maintains and updates a global state based on transactions.

What is State Machine?

In blockchain systems like Bitcoin and Ethereum, a state machine is a model where the network maintains a global state—representing account balances, smart contract data, or other variables—that evolves through validated transactions. Bitcoin’s state machine tracks unspent transaction outputs (UTXOs) to manage balances, while Ethereum’s tracks account balances and smart contract states via the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). Each valid transaction triggers a state transition, ensuring all nodes agree on the updated state, enforced by consensus mechanisms like proof-of-stake (Ethereum) or proof-of-work (Bitcoin).

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